Le scandale Mogherini rebondit en Albanie. La filiale de Tirana du Collège de l'Europe à Tirana devait disposer d'un nouveau campus dans la capitale en moins de deux ans, dans des locaux et avec des fonds publics prévus pour l'Université publique de Tirana.
- Articles / Shteg, Albanie, Questions européennes, Culture et éducation, Défense, police et justiceUne cérémonie a été organisée au Parlement européen en hommage au métropolite Anastasios de Tirana, décédé le 25 janvier 2025, qui a restauré l'Église orthodoxe d'Albanie, dans un esprit de mission et d'ouverture au dialogue oecuménique et inter-religieux.
- Le fil de l'Info / orthodoxie, Albanie, Religions, Courrier des BalkansUnifications nationales ou mariages forcés... L'idée d'union entre la Roumanie et la Moldavie, récemment relancée par Chișinău, rappelle que les frontières ont souvent évolué dans l'histoire des Balkans. Tour d'horizon historique.
- Articles / Courrier des Balkans, petrovic, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Bulgarie, Croatie, Grèce, Roumanie-Moldavie : gel, dégel et regel des relations bilatérales, Macédoine du Nord, Moldavie, Monténégro, Roumanie, Serbie, Slovénie, Turquie, Histoire, centenaire guerrePDF/EPUB Cite Share options Information, rights and permissions Metrics and citations Figures and tables Abstract In 2004 the European Union (EU)’s membership grew from 15 to 25 member states. This article analyses how the EU used this ‘big bang enlargement’ to promote horizontal and vertical expansion to its role as a global development actor. It describes how the Union’s larger membership realised considerable horizontal expansion, primarily by increasing the development cooperation budget managed by the EU institutions. The global financial crisis, austerity measures in its member states as well as legal and institutional changes, however, hampered vertical expansion, with many member states failing to sufficiently increase their own national budgets and efforts to promote coordination and harmonisation delivering limited results. The understanding of the task division between the EU and its member states has evolved with the EU having gained a stronger role as a global development actor in its own right. This article contextualises and describes these expansion patterns by analysing key policy trends in the period 2000–2025 in a historical and international perspective and contributes new evidence to the literature on international organisation expansion.
PDF/EPUB Cite Share options Information, rights and permissions Metrics and citations Figures and tables Abstract In 2004 the European Union (EU)’s membership grew from 15 to 25 member states. This article analyses how the EU used this ‘big bang enlargement’ to promote horizontal and vertical expansion to its role as a global development actor. It describes how the Union’s larger membership realised considerable horizontal expansion, primarily by increasing the development cooperation budget managed by the EU institutions. The global financial crisis, austerity measures in its member states as well as legal and institutional changes, however, hampered vertical expansion, with many member states failing to sufficiently increase their own national budgets and efforts to promote coordination and harmonisation delivering limited results. The understanding of the task division between the EU and its member states has evolved with the EU having gained a stronger role as a global development actor in its own right. This article contextualises and describes these expansion patterns by analysing key policy trends in the period 2000–2025 in a historical and international perspective and contributes new evidence to the literature on international organisation expansion.
Carbon pricing is widely recognized as a key tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, if implemented without compensatory measures, it can increase poverty and inequality. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of carbon pricing in generating fiscal space for expanding social protection systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using tax-benefit microsimulation models for six countries (Ecuador, Indonesia, South Af rica, Tanzania, Viet Nam, and Zambia), we assess both the direct distributional impacts of carbon pricing and the potential poverty-reducing effects of recycling revenues into social protection. Our f indings show that even modest carbon pricing can mobilize substantial resources, particularly in higher-emission countries, and that channelling these revenues into targeted or categorical transfers significantly cushions households against welfare losses. The results highlight the dual role of carbon pricing: as a climate mitigation instrument and as a source of fiscal capacity for inclusive development. By ref raming climate policy as a means to expand social protection, this study underscores the opportunities and constraints for designing equitable climate–development strategies in the Global South.
Carbon pricing is widely recognized as a key tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, if implemented without compensatory measures, it can increase poverty and inequality. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of carbon pricing in generating fiscal space for expanding social protection systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using tax-benefit microsimulation models for six countries (Ecuador, Indonesia, South Af rica, Tanzania, Viet Nam, and Zambia), we assess both the direct distributional impacts of carbon pricing and the potential poverty-reducing effects of recycling revenues into social protection. Our f indings show that even modest carbon pricing can mobilize substantial resources, particularly in higher-emission countries, and that channelling these revenues into targeted or categorical transfers significantly cushions households against welfare losses. The results highlight the dual role of carbon pricing: as a climate mitigation instrument and as a source of fiscal capacity for inclusive development. By ref raming climate policy as a means to expand social protection, this study underscores the opportunities and constraints for designing equitable climate–development strategies in the Global South.