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Au pays des sans-terre

Le Monde Diplomatique - Mon, 18/06/2018 - 17:31
Alors que le Brésil importe des milliards de dollars de produits agricoles, des millions de travailleurs des campagnes se voient refuser l'accès à la terre, qui continue à n'être un droit que pour une minorité. / Brésil, Agriculture, Droits humains, Inégalités, Pauvreté, Réforme agraire - 2002/10 (...) / , , , , , - 2002/10 Tentant précipice

Aux racines du nationalisme américain

Le Monde Diplomatique - Mon, 18/06/2018 - 16:07
Tout en promettant de défendre, partout dans le monde, la liberté et la démocratie, le document stratégique publié le 20 septembre par l'administration Bush met fin au désarmement ; interdit à toute puissance de vouloir rivaliser avec les Etats-Unis sur le plan militaire ; théorise l'intervention à (...) / , , , , - 2002/10 Tentant précipice

La troisième génération ouvrière

Le Monde Diplomatique - Mon, 18/06/2018 - 15:29
Samedi 23 mars 2002, au Théâtre de Chelles, un débat sur le « sort des salariés face aux restructurations des entreprises » a lieu avant la présentation de la pièce 501 blues, jouée par cinq ouvrières de l'usine Levi's de la Bassée (dans le Nord) qui ont été licenciées, comme plus de cinq cents de leurs (...) / , , - 2002/06 Transmission

Oh Charlie Brown… Insights on North Korea

Foreign Policy Blogs - Mon, 18/06/2018 - 14:49

“Oh Charlie Brownnnnn…” Year after year, Lucy tricks Charlie Brown to kick a football she inevitably pulls away. Each time it’s a new creative argument. Lucy promises the world and the temptation is so great that Charlie Brown overlooks history and everything else except kicking that ball. Drawn in, surely this time Lucy will hold the ball as promised and Charlie Brown will kick it to the moon. Unlikely.

Allured by the objectively noble prospect of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula, America is paying less attention to the real threat in the Western Pacific. While nuclear weapons are an existential threat, North Korea is neither going to denuclearize nor use their warheads. To do either would be disastrous for them. As talks with North Korea commenced this week, America must resist being distracted by the dream of a nuclear-free Korea and remember the preeminent security threat of the next century is Chinese supremacy in the South China Sea.

North Korea is what economists call a rational actor: they act in their own self-interest. Their foremost goal is to perpetuate the Kim regime and North Korea will always act based on that objective. If Mr. Kim launched a nuclear attack, the response would be cataclysmic and would surely end his rule. Conversely, if he denuclearized, he would give up all the international leverage he has to stay in power. Mr. Kim is therefore very unlikely to give up his nuclear deterrent, but by engaging in talks with America he earns legitimacy and propaganda without concession. We’ve been here before.

However, the far greater threat is China’s imminent dominance of the South China Sea (SCS). China is challenging the international system built by America and its allies. For the first time in decades, a new economically viable alternative to the liberal world order is spreading. From thieving American commercial and military secrets to recruiting scientists, China is rapidly closing the technological gap with America and energizing its military and economy. With its One-Belt-One-Road initiative, China is investing in dual-use foreign infrastructure across a third of the world’s GDP at a rate up to 2-3 trillion dollars per year – 12 times the size of America’s Marshall Plan. Using unprecedented cash that the United States simply can’t match, China is luring nations into their sphere of influence.

Furthermore, Chinese investment comes without rules and lectures on human rights or democratic ideals, attracting authoritarian-leaning governments. China’s goal is to surpass the United States economy and become the world’s dominant military power by 2050, starting in the SCS. Carrying 60 percent of the world’s seaborne trade and the link between the Pacific and the Indian Oceans, the SCS is a global choke point and the economic lifeline for many of the world’s nations. By establishing control there, China is using economic and military force to intimidate and coerce regional nations into obedience. If America doesn’t address China’s growing power over the SCS, it risks sacrificing the current international order for one much less favorable to freedom and democracy.

The centerpiece of America’s strategy to counter China’s weight in the Western Pacific was the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The TPP wasn’t just a free trade agreement, but an alliance, an evolution of NATO, designed for the region. Without it, Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPS) are an important stop-gap, but they will not roll-back Chinese fortification of the SCS. Similarly, military exercises and trade sanctions only have limited use. An effective strategy must draw the regional nations into American geopolitical orbit based on free and open political and economic governance. Being the global leader requires America to be a reliable partner and advocate for the democratic institutions its worked so hard to create. By living up to its principles, America can unite the regional and democratic nations through political and economic alliances, like the G7, to resist the spread of the illiberal order.

Each year that I flew missions in the SCS I saw the threat rings in my jet, drawn around Chinese claims and fortifications, expand and multiply. Soon, the US military won’t be able to operate there at all without being targeted by Chinese defenses. The allure of a historic political achievement—the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula—is powerful precisely because it makes the world safer. But sadly, it’s an illusion and a distraction that is taking our attention away from what China is doing right now.

LT Peter Devine is a Navy F/A-18 pilot, he recently returned from the Western Pacific and teaches economics at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis. He is a member of Truman National Security Project’s Defense Council. The views expressed are his own and not representative of the Navy, the Naval Academy, or Truman National Security Project.

The post Oh Charlie Brown… Insights on North Korea appeared first on Foreign Policy Blogs.

La diplomatie n’est pas un dîner de gala

Politique étrangère (IFRI) - Mon, 18/06/2018 - 09:00

Cette recension a été publiée dans le numéro d’été de Politique étrangère (n° 2/2018). Dominique David, conseiller du président de l’Ifri, propose une analyse de l’ouvrage de Claude Martin, La diplomatie n’est pas un dîner de gala. Mémoires d’un ambassadeur (Éditions de l’Aube, 2018, 952 pages).

Il n’est sans doute pas de plus beau compliment pour un diplomate : Claude Martin fait aimer les pays auxquels il a voué sa vie ; et il fait aimer… les diplomates.

L’amour premier, c’est bien sûr la Chine, trente années durant dans sa vie de diplomate, du plus modeste poste au plus grand (du service militaire au poste d’ambassadeur, en passant par celui de directeur d’Asie du Quai). Ce livre est d’abord un long chant d’admiration, et on devrait dire de tendresse, d’un « amoureux discret de la Chine, attentif à ses bruits, à ses silences, à ses odeurs, à tout ce qui la rendait délicieuse, et que je ne souhaitais ni déranger, ni changer, ni voir disparaître ».

Les innombrables déplacements – autorisés ou non – de Claude Martin dans les profondeurs du pays rendent précieuses entre toutes ses impressions et analyses. Il assiste sur place aux plus grands bouleversements : révolution culturelle, retour de Deng Xiaoping, tragédie de Tien An Men, montée en puissance du pays. À chaque étape, le plaidoyer est clair : valoriser la carte qu’a donnée à Paris la reconnaissance précoce du général de Gaulle ; comprendre le pays, le respecter dans ses logiques sans affecter de croire que la diplomatie doit incarner la lutte du Bien contre le Mal ; prendre en compte son poids nouveau dans tous les domaines, du politique au culturel.

Au titre d’une vision constante sur plusieurs décennies, l’ambassadeur épingle les hésitations et parfois les incohérences d’une diplomatie française qui se soucie peu d’un pays trop lointain et mal compris, et oscille entre l’administration de leçons de morale et l’obsession boutiquière mal placée (voir l’épisode des ventes d’armes à Taïwan). Et il nous rappelle fort utilement que Pékin a, dès les années 1970, attendu qu’émerge une puissance européenne susceptible de rééquilibrer les rapports de force dans le monde, attente toujours déçue.

Claude Martin nous convaincrait que les diplomates en général et les ambassadeurs en particulier servent toujours à quelque chose à l’époque d’internet et des tweets : passeurs, connaisseurs, conseillers, négociateurs, ces diplomates qui s’attachent à l’objet – étrange, étranger – de leur métier sont les éléments essentiels de l’organisation des équilibres entre les intérêts divergents des États, et des peuples. Hors de la Chine, dans d’autres postes prestigieux – Claude Martin le démontrera au service du Cambodge –, il fut un élément essentiel, encore que frustré in fine, des négociations de sortie de guerre du pays ; au service de la construction européenne, et comme ambassadeur au long cours – neuf ans – en Allemagne.

Gaulliste d’ancienne et stricte obédience, Claude Martin constatera dans ses divers postes « européens » que la construction relancée dans les années 1990 ne peut qu’échouer, trop étendue, trop ignorante des intérêts contradictoires des États membres (et au premier chef victime des ambiguïtés britanniques). Et la narration de son expérience dans son dernier poste d’ambassadeur à Berlin nous vaut de remarquables commentaires sur les relations franco-allemandes et leur place décisive dans les manœuvres européennes.

Ce livre se lit d’un trait comme un – gros – roman de notre temps, oscillant entre une belle tendresse pour le monde – comment oublier le son du er hu dans la nuit pékinoise ? – et la rassurante méchanceté de certains portraits : les diplomates ne sont pas que miel et cocktails.

Dominique David

S’abonner à Politique étrangère

Why Moderates Support Extreme Groups

Foreign Affairs - Mon, 18/06/2018 - 06:00
In environments characterized by rapid political change, limited rule of law, and endemic corruption, moderate citizens have rational reasons to favor ideologically extreme groups. 

Malaysia’s $6.5 Billion Scandal Almost Sank Its Democracy

Foreign Policy - Mon, 18/06/2018 - 03:00
The cover-up of the 1MDB affair was taking the country toward autocracy — until the people won the day.

Les chômeurs desserrent l'étau

Le Monde Diplomatique - Sun, 17/06/2018 - 19:20
En refusant le relèvement des minima sociaux, M. Lionel Jospin s'est attiré les félicitations du patronat français, heureux de son « ouverture très nette vers une société de travail et non d'assistance ». Cette fermeté peut séduire une fraction de l'opinion conservatrice — qui trouvera très vite d'autres (...) / , , , , , - 1998/02

On World Day to Combat Desertification, UN shines spotlight on ‘true value’ of land

UN News Centre - Sun, 17/06/2018 - 06:30
Land is not a limitless resource and ignoring its role in our everyday lives threatens food and water supplies, biodiversity and the security of us all, the United Nations agency that fights desertification worldwide has said.

Afghanistan extends ceasefire with Taliban; UN urges both sides to work towards lasting peace

UN News Centre - Sun, 17/06/2018 - 01:14
United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres and the UN mission in Afghanistan welcomed on Saturday the Afghan Government’s extension of the unilateral ceasefire with the Taliban, amid an outpouring of support for the truce from war-weary people all across the country.

Nobody’s Protecting India’s Bravest Journalists

Foreign Policy - Sat, 16/06/2018 - 22:42
I had the resources to survive a campaign of online hate — but other reporters have been far less fortunate.

The Ghost of Hugo Chávez Is Haunting Colombia’s Election

Foreign Policy - Sat, 16/06/2018 - 19:15
Some Colombians fear that their country could go the way of Venezuela.

Peace Pact in the Balance As Colombians Vote

Foreign Policy - Sat, 16/06/2018 - 15:15
Sunday’s election is widely seen as a referendum on the historic peace accord with the FARC.

Much more than a ‘lifeline’ for millions of households, remittances can spur global growth, says UN agency

UN News Centre - Sat, 16/06/2018 - 07:30
Not only are remittances a “critical lifeline” for millions globally, the direct benefits of money sent home by migrant workers touch the lives of one in every seven persons on the planet – over one billion people, the United Nations rural development agency has said.  

UN forum to explore use of outer space to improve lives, protect planet

UN News Centre - Sat, 16/06/2018 - 03:46
Marking 50 years since the world first came together to discuss the peaceful uses of outer space, government leaders, policy makers, civil society representatives and space experts will gather at a United Nations forum in Vienna from Monday to explore the future course of global space cooperation for the benefit of humankind.

Stalin Falsified the Data, Then Killed the Statisticians

Foreign Policy - Fri, 15/06/2018 - 22:39
How the Soviet Union facilitated the famine of the 1930s that killed millions of Ukrainians, then buried the evidence.

No More Mr. Nice Canada

Foreign Policy - Fri, 15/06/2018 - 21:52
Canada's reputation for friendly politeness, especially when dealing with the United States, is long overdue for revision.

Alexis Tsipras Deserves the Nobel Peace Prize

Foreign Policy - Fri, 15/06/2018 - 21:06
Greece's prime minister, together with his partner in Macedonia, has created a model for solving identity clashes across the globe.

Russian Troll or Clumsy Publicity Hound?

Foreign Policy - Fri, 15/06/2018 - 20:37
A Russian media executive says he’s come to Washington to test the limits of American freedom.

Heat-resistant crops, ‘green’ infrastructure, can prepare Near East and North Africa to better tackle droughts – UN agency

UN News Centre - Fri, 15/06/2018 - 20:20
Countries in the Near-East and North Africa, where chronic water shortages are sure to worsen due to climate change, must take pro-active steps to become more resilient against droughts, the United Nations agriculture agency said on Friday.

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