Im Herzen Europas gibt es eine faszinierende Vielfalt an Schlangenarten, die oft wenig Beachtung finden. Zu den beeindruckendsten gehören zweifellos die Europäische Wassernattern, welche in verschiedenen Lebensräumen wie Sümpfen, Seen und Flüssen zu Hause sind. Während einige dieser Arten für den Menschen relativ harmlos sind, bergen andere ernstzunehmendes Gefahrenpotenzial durch ihr Gift.
Es ist interessant zu wissen, dass nicht alle Wasserbewohner gleich gefährlich sind. Einige nutzen Ihre Gifte hauptsächlich zur Jagd auf Ihre Beute, während Sie Menschen kaum Schaden zufügen können. Doch es gibt auch Arten unter den europäischen Wassernattern, die mit ihrem neurotoxischen oder starken Gift durchaus ernste Auswirkungen haben könnten. Diese Einführung erläutert die wichtigsten Fakten und bietet einen Überblick über die bemerkenswertesten Vertreter dieser Schlangefamilie.
Das Wichtigste in KürzeDie Ringelnatter ist für Menschen harmlos und gilt als ungiftig. Ihr Biss stellt keine Gefahr dar. Hingegen ist Sie für Ihre Beute, vor allem Amphibien und Fische, äußerst gefährlich.
Mehr dazu: Hays Travel Europa: Ihr Reiseprofi
Würfelnatter: Starke Neurotoxine, bevorzugt feuchte LebensräumeEuropäische Wassernattern: Die gefährlichsten Arten
Die Würfelnatter ist bekannt für Ihre starken Neurotoxine, die Sie zu einem effektiven Raubtier machen. Sie bevorzugt feuchte Lebensräume wie Flussauen und Sümpfe, wo Sie leicht auf Beute stößt. Ihre Jagdmethoden sind besonders faszinierend: Mit ihren scharfen Sinnen und schnellen Reflexen fängt Sie kleine Amphibien und Fische.
„Die Natur ist unerbittlich und unveränderlich, und es ist für den Menschen die größte Torheit, gegen Ihre Gesetze zu kämpfen.“ – Charles Darwin
Vipernatter: Blitzschneller Angriff, neurotoxisches GiftDie Vipernatter beeindruckt durch ihren blitzschnellen Angriff und ihr neurotoxisches Gift. Diese Kombination macht Sie zu einer besonders effektiven Jägerin in ihrem natürlichen Lebensraum. Während Ihre Schnelligkeit es ihr ermöglicht, Beute nahezu mühelos zu überwältigen, sorgt das Gift dafür, dass die Beutetiere rasch immobilisiert werden.
Barrenringelnatter: Toxische Beißkraft, jagt AmphibienDie Barrenringelnatter zeichnet sich durch Ihre besonders toxische Beißkraft aus und bevorzugt es, Amphibien wie Frösche und Molche zu jagen. Durch das injizierte Gift wird die Beute rasch immobilisiert, was der Schlangenart ermöglicht, effizient zu fressen. Man trifft diese Natter häufig in Feuchtgebieten an, welche reich an ihren bevorzugten Beutetieren sind.
Auch interessant: Die schönsten Weihnachtsmärkte in Europa
.table-responsiv {width: 100%;padding: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;overflow-y: hidden;border: 1px solid #DDD;overflow-x: auto;min-height: 0.01%;} Art Merkmale Gefährlichkeit für Menschen Ringelnatter Ungiftig für Menschen, jagt Amphibien und Fische Harmlos Würfelnatter Starke Neurotoxine, bevorzugt feuchte Lebensräume Gefährlich Vipernatter Blitzschneller Angriff, neurotoxisches Gift Sehr gefährlich Glattnatter: Tiergifte für Jagd genutzt, menschlicher Kontakt seltenGlattnatter: Tiergifte für Jagd genutzt, menschlicher Kontakt selten – Europäische Wassernattern: Die gefährlichsten Arten
Die Glattnatter nutzt Tiergifte für die Jagd, wobei der menschliche Kontakt meistens selten ist. Diese Nattern setzen ihr Gift hauptsächlich zur Beutejagd ein.
Zum Weiterlesen: Bilderberg Europa Hotel Scheveningen: Ihr Traumhotel
Schwarzbauch-Würfelnatter: Tarnfarben, giftig für FischeDie Schwarzbauch-Würfelnatter zeichnet sich durch Ihre Tarnfarben aus, die ihr helfen, in ihrem natürlichen Lebensraum unentdeckt zu bleiben. Diese Europäische Wassernattern-Art ist besonders auf Fische als Beute spezialisiert und nutzt hierfür ihr Gift, welches gezielt für aquatische Beutetiere wirksam ist.
Osteuropäische Würfelnatter: Potent für aquatische Beute, harmlose BisseDie osteuropäische Würfelnatter ist bekannt für Ihre Effektivität bei der Jagd auf aquatische Beute wie Fisch und Amphibien. Diese Nattern besitzen ein Gift, das besonders potent für Fische ist. Allerdings sind Ihre Bisse für den Menschen harmlos. Ihre Fähigkeit, in feuchten Lebensräumen zu überleben, macht Sie besonders interessant.
Strauchnatter: Blitzschnelle Angriffe, giftige ZähneDie Strauchnatter ist bekannt für Ihre blitzschnellen Angriffe. Diese Natternart verfügt über giftige Zähne, die Sie effektiv bei der Jagd einsetzt. Sie zählt zu den gefährlicheren europäischen Wassernattern, obwohl direkte Begegnungen mit Menschen selten vorkommen.
FAQ: Antworten auf häufig gestellte Fragen Was ist der Unterschied zwischen neurotoxischem und hämatotoxischem Gift? Neurotoxisches Gift wirkt vornehmlich auf das Nervensystem und kann Lähmungen oder sogar den Tod verursachen, während hämatotoxisches Gift das Blut und Gewebe angreift, was zu Schwellungen, Gewebszerstörung und Blutgerinnungsstörungen führen kann. Gibt es in Europa auch ungiftige Wasserschlangen? Ja, in Europa gibt es auch ungiftige Wasserschlangen, wie zum Beispiel die Ringelnatter. Diese Schlangenart ist für den Menschen harmlos und jagt hauptsächlich Amphibien und Fische. Wie kann man sich vor einem Schlangenbiss schützen? Um sich vor einem Schlangenbiss zu schützen, sollte man beim Wandern in natürlichen Lebensräumen stets achtsam sein, hohe Stiefel tragen und niemals einfach in unübersichtliche Gebüsche greifen. Es ist auch ratsam, auf bekannten Wegen zu bleiben und Vorsicht walten zu lassen, wenn man wassernah unterwegs ist. Wie gefährlich ist ein Biss der Vipernatter für Haustiere? Ein Biss der Vipernatter kann für Haustiere gefährlich sein, da das neurotoxische Gift schnell wirkt und schwere Symptome verursachen kann. Bei einem Schlangenbiss an einem Haustier sollte man sofort einen Tierarzt aufsuchen. Was sollte man tun, wenn man von einer giftigen Schlange gebissen wird? Wenn man von einer giftigen Schlange gebissen wird, sollte man so schnell wie möglich medizinische Hilfe in Anspruch nehmen. Es ist wichtig, die Bewegung zu minimieren, um die Verbreitung des Giftes zu verlangsamen und die betroffene Gegend ruhig zu stellen. Man sollte den Biss nicht aussaugen oder abbinden. Welche europäischen Wassernattern stehen unter Naturschutz? Viele europäische Wassernattern stehen unter Naturschutz, um Ihre Populationen zu erhalten und ihren Lebensraum zu schützen. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die Würfelnatter und die Vipernatter, die in einigen Regionen als gefährdet gelten.Der Beitrag Europäische Wassernattern: Die gefährlichsten Arten erschien zuerst auf Neurope.eu - News aus Europa.
By CIVICUS
May 15 2026 (IPS)
CIVICUS discusses the rising trend of social media bans for children with Marie-Ève Nadeau, Head of International Affairs of the 5Rights Foundation, an organisation that promotes children’s rights in the digital environment.
Marie-Ève Nadeau
Four countries have banned children from accessing social media, five more have passed laws awaiting implementation and around 40 more are considering bans. What Australia began when it banned under-16s from 10 social media platforms is rapidly becoming a global trend. Children need protection from the documented harms caused by early and heavy social media use, but whether bans offer effective protection is a live question for policymakers worldwide.Are social media bans an effective way of protecting children?
Today, one in three internet users is a child, and digital technologies increasingly mediate all aspects of their lives, from the classroom to the playground, from their first friendships to how they see themselves. As evidence of harms and risks mounts, lawmakers around the world are racing to impose age limits on children’s access to social media. The instinct to act is right, but the current direction risks missing the point.
The real issue is the conditions children face when online. Children are growing up in a digital environment designed without their distinct rights, needs and vulnerabilities in mind. This is a deliberate choice. Tech companies’ business models prioritise commercial gain over children’s safety and wellbeing, deliberately embedding persuasive design, relentless engagement loops and extractive data practices by default. Fixing this requires more than blocking children’s access.
Age restrictions are not new, yet their effectiveness remains inconclusive. Banning children from specific services while leaving the underlying system untouched lets tech companies off the hook for recommender systems that push harmful content, persuasive design that keeps children compulsively engaged and data practices that exploit their attention for profit. Used in isolation, bans create an illusion of protection while the same harmful design practices continue unchallenged. Children are pushed towards other unregulated environments, such as AI chatbots, gaming platforms and educational technology services, where they face equivalent risks with even less scrutiny.
What do these bans mean for children’s rights to expression and information?
Children’s rights are interdependent and indivisible, and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child General Comment No. 25 makes clear that all children’s rights apply fully in the digital environment. This includes the right to protection from harm, but also to the rights of access to information, expression and participation. In practice, tech companies have made these rights conditional on the commercial surveillance, exploitation and manipulation of children, eroding their privacy, safety, critical thinking and agency.
Age-based bans that restrict access without addressing underlying design practices create a false choice between freedom and safety. Children need both protection from harm and meaningful access to expression, information and participation. Restricting access without reforming the systems that embed risk fails to uphold the full range of children’s rights.
Who is most harmed by these bans, and what gaps do they create?
Children’s rights apply until the age of 18, yet proposed restrictions often only cover children under 16 and a narrow set of high-risk services. This creates gaps. Children above the age threshold, and those who circumvent poorly implemented restrictions, end up in unregulated spaces outside the scope of bans.
Bans can also entrench inequality. Children are not a homogeneous group, and those facing intersecting vulnerabilities linked to disability, gender, political opinion, race, religion or ethnic, national or social origin may heavily rely on digital spaces for expression, identity safety and support.
At the same time, engagement-based platform design often rewards and amplifies divisive and harmful content, for example on gender-based violence, heightening risks for excluded communities. Blanket bans do not create safer spaces, nor eliminate these harms. Instead, they displace them to less visible, less regulated and even less accountable spaces. Effective protection must ensure children can exercise their rights and have safe spaces of support and community.
How does age verification work, and what does it mean for children’s privacy?
Tech companies routinely invest heavily in targeting advertising and personalising content yet fail to apply the same rigour to protecting children. Age assurance, an umbrella term for both age estimation and age verification solutions, allows companies to recognise the presence of children and act accordingly. It must be lawful, rights-respecting and proportionate to risk. Data collection should be limited to what’s strictly necessary to establish age, and used only for that purpose.
Global privacy regulators found that 24 per cent of services lack any age assurance mechanism and 90 per cent of those relying on self-declaration are easily bypassed. Yet robust solutions exist. Australia’s age assurance technology trial demonstrates that privacy-preserving age verification can confirm age without exposing identity. Technical standards, such as the 2089.1-2024 Standard for Online Age Verification published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, show that independently audited frameworks, like those used in product safety or pharmaceuticals, are both feasible and necessary to ensure age assurance systems are secure, proportionate and compliant.
For low-risk services appropriate for all users, there should be no requirement to establish age. Where services or functionalities present risk to children, companies should address or mitigate specific high-risk features rather than gatekeeping entire services.
What should governments demand from platforms to protect children?
Age restrictions have become part of a global playbook, notably in data protection regimes like the US Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), which sets 13 as the threshold for consent to data collection. Poor implementation and enforcement of COPPA and similar laws have allowed tech companies to hide behind obscure disclaimers while failing to meaningfully restrict access and profiting from embedding risk into children’s digital experiences.
There’s another way forward. The priority should be holding tech companies accountable, not banning children from the digital world. That means banning exploitative practices, regulating risky features such as addictive design, manipulative recommender systems and extractive data practices, and requiring privacy, safety and age-appropriate design as the baseline.
It also means shifting to systemic risk management: companies should be legally required to anticipate, assess and mitigate how their products expose children to risk. This baseline already exists in other high-risk sectors such as aviation, food safety and medicine, where products must demonstrate safety before reaching the market.
A growing global consensus points to a clear path forward: embedding age-appropriate design, requiring child rights impact assessments, mandating privacy and safety by design and default, establishing effective enforcement mechanisms and ensuring independent auditing. Over 55 leading organisations and experts from all continents have endorsed the 10 best-practice principles developed by the 5Rights Foundation.
CIVICUS interviews a wide range of civil society activists, experts and leaders to gather diverse perspectives on civil society action and current issues for publication on its CIVICUS Lens platform. The views expressed in interviews are the interviewees’ and do not necessarily reflect those of CIVICUS. Publication does not imply endorsement of interviewees or the organisations they represent.
GET IN TOUCH
Website
BlueSky
Instagram
LinkedIn
Spotify
Twitter
Marie-Ève Nadeau/BlueSky
Marie-Ève Nadeau/LinkedIn
SEE ALSO
Child social media bans: a growing global problem CIVICUS Lens 05.May.2026
Technology: Innovation without accountability CIVICUS | State Of Civil Society Report 2026
North Macedonia: ‘The solution cannot be to cut children off social media, but to make it safer’ CIVICUS Lens | Interview with Goran Rizaov 23.Apr.2026
Follow @IPSNewsUNBureau
Farmers in Bangladesh. Credit: Heifer International
As conflict in the Middle East disrupts critical fuel and fertilizer supply routes, smallholder farmers across Asia are once again caught in the crossfire of global shocks. This piece argues that repeated crises are exposing a deeper structural flaw in agri-food systems—Overdependence on External Inputs. It presents a compelling case for regenerative agriculture as a pathway to resilient food systems in Asia.
By Neena Joshi
UTTAR PRADESH, India, May 15 2026 (IPS)
The latest shock to global food systems, triggered by conflict in the Middle East and disruptions around the Strait of Hormuz, has once again exposed a fragile truth: the world’s food systems remain highly vulnerable to external shocks.
For Asia, especially South Asia, where agriculture underpins millions of livelihoods, the consequences are immediate and severe. Rising fuel prices, supply chain disruptions, and limited access to fertilizers are pushing already fragile systems to the brink.
The Strait of Hormuz is not just a geopolitical chokepoint; it is a lifeline for fuel and agricultural inputs across Asia. A significant share of fertilizers and their raw materials, including natural gas, transit through or originate from this route.
For countries such as India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, where agriculture employs between 38 and over 60 percent of the workforce, this dependency creates systemic risk. When supply chains falter, the effects cascade quickly: input costs rise, planting cycles are disrupted, and farmer incomes shrink.
Solar panels installed in a farm in Bangladesh. Credit: Heifer International
Even if shipping routes reopen, recovery will be slow
Damage to energy infrastructure and continued geopolitical uncertainty mean price volatility and supply constraints can persist for months. For smallholder farmers, this creates a dual crisis. Exporting produce becomes difficult due to logistical bottlenecks, while fuel shortages hamper domestic distribution. At the same time, the next cropping cycle looms, with essential fertilizers either unavailable or unaffordable.
This is not an isolated disruption. From the COVID-19 pandemic to the war in Ukraine, global shocks are becoming more frequent and interconnected. Each crisis compounds the last, pushing smallholder farmers, the backbone of global food production, into deeper uncertainty. The question is no longer whether disruptions will occur, but how prepared our systems are to withstand them.
At the heart of the problem is overdependence on external, input-intensive systems, chemical fertilizers, fossil fuels, and long, fragile supply chains. Reducing this dependence is central to building resilience.
Regenerative Agriculture and Renewable Energy Offer a Compelling Pathway Forward.
At its core, regenerative agriculture restores soil health, enhances biodiversity, improves water retention, and reduces reliance on synthetic inputs. Practices such as crop diversification, organic soil enrichment, reduced tillage, and integrated pest management shift farming from an extractive to a restorative model.
By rebuilding natural soil fertility, these approaches reduce dependence on external inputs. Instead of relying heavily on urea in rice cultivation, regenerative systems promote nutrient cycling and biological nitrogen fixation through legumes, alongside the use of compost and manure to strengthen soil organic matter and ensure a steady, natural nutrient supply.
Integrating renewable energy further strengthens resilience. Solar-powered irrigation replaces fuel-based inputs with clean, reliable energy, lowering operational costs and improving water-use efficiency—especially critical during periods of disruption.
The evidence base for these approaches is both growing and compelling. In Bangladesh, multiple studies show that solar irrigation consistently outperforms diesel systems, delivering higher returns, improving food security, and reducing irrigation costs by 20–50 percent, while significantly boosting profitability (Rana, 2021; Buisson, 2024; Sunny, 2023; Sarker, 2025).
Research also shows that bio-based inputs like compost, biochar, and green manure can partially replace synthetic fertilizers, often without yield loss, while improving soil health (Naher, 2021; Ferdous, 2023; Behera, 2025).
Regenerative Agriculture is Not Just an Environmental Solution—It is an Economic One
By reducing dependence on volatile external inputs such as chemical fertilizers and fossil fuels, regenerative agriculture shields farmers from global price shocks while improving long-term productivity and profits.
Emerging evidence from Nepal and India reinforces this trend: while yields generally remain stable, reduced input costs significantly increase farm profitability (Magar, 2022; Dhakal, 2022; Berger, 2025).
A broader analysis by the Observer Research Foundation (2025) finds that although yields may dip slightly during transition, most cases report higher yields over time, alongside improved income stability driven by lower input dependence.
Similar trends are being observed globally, reinforcing that regenerative approaches can deliver both resilience and profitability across diverse farming systems (link).
Importantly, these outcomes are already visible on the ground in South Asia. Through programs led by Heifer International, smallholder farmers are adopting regenerative and climate-smart practices that reduce costs, improve yields, and strengthen resilience.
In Bangladesh’s Jashore district, for instance, women farmers organized into cooperatives have reduced irrigation costs, improved productivity, and strengthened market access through solar irrigation, organic soil management, and collective action.
As one farmer, Shirin Akter, shares: “Adopting climate-smart practices and pooling resources through my cooperative allowed me to grow diverse crops. When drought hit, I still had harvests to sell, and my cooperative helped me recover quickly.”
For farmers like Shirin, these shifts are transformative, turning vulnerability into resilience through diversified systems, lower input dependence, and stronger collective support. Similar models in Nepal show how regenerative, community-based approaches can reduce resource pressure while improving incomes.
Scaling this Transition Requires Action Beyond the Farm
To transition to a resilient and sustainable food system, a multi-stakeholder approach is essential. Policymakers should realign incentives to support sustainable practices and reduce dependence on imported inputs. Financial institutions and insurers should recognize the lower risk profiles of regenerative systems.
Businesses must embed sustainability into core decisions, prioritizing sourcing from farmers adopting regenerative practices and building longer-term, stable supply relationships. At the same time, marketing teams can shape consumer demand by communicating the value of sustainably produced food. Together, these shifts can align supply chains and markets in support of more resilient food systems.
The stakes are high. The World Food Programme warns that roughly 45 million more people could be pushed into hunger if current disruptions persist, adding to the 318 million people already food insecure.
We cannot continue rebuilding fragile food systems after every shock. We must redesign them. Regenerative agriculture offers a pathway to reduce dependence on volatile external inputs, restore ecological balance, and build resilience where it matters most—at the farm level.
To replenish what has been used up is not just an environmental necessity—it is the foundation of more secure, equitable, and resilient food systems across Asia.
Neena Joshi is the Senior Vice President for Asia Programs at Heifer International. With over 20 years of experience, she leads initiatives to build inclusive, sustainable agrifood systems and empower smallholder farmers, especially women and youth, across Asia.
IPS UN Bureau
Follow @IPSNewsUNBureau