Elément de Sécurité Civile Rapide d’Intervention Médicale de l’hôpital de Equipe Medicale de Escrim (hopital campagne projetable de la Sécurité Civile française) – Crédit : Escrim / CE
(BRUXELLES2) Un Corps médical européen capable d’intervenir rapidement en cas de risque épidémique, en Europe ou dans le monde. L’idée n’est pas neuve. Elle traînait depuis des années dans les esprits des ‘urgentistes’ comme de certains responsables européens. Cette initiative vient d’être concrétisée lundi (15 février) par la Commission européenne.
La crise d’Ebola catalyseur
La crise Ebola a été un catalyseur de ce projet. Il a fallu rapidement déployer du personnel médical et du matériel en nombre. Un défi « sur le plan de la logistique et de la gestion » comme on le juge à la Commission. Fin 2014, la France et l’Allemagne proposent une initiative dite des ‘Casques blancs’. Elle est reprise et détaillée aujourd’hui sous forme d’une action du mécanisme européen de protection civile. L’objectif reste le même : « Pouvoir déployer rapidement des équipes et du matériel pour fournir une assistance médicale et une expertise en matière de santé publique, dans des situations d’urgence, à l’intérieur comme à l’extérieur de l’Union européenne ».
Qui va fournir les équipes ?
Ce sont les États membres de l’Union qui mettent à disposition une ou plusieurs équipes de spécialistes d’urgence. Une équipe comprend des médecins, infirmiers, aide-soignants, secouristes, des experts en surveillance et en coordination médicales, des équipes d’appui logistique ainsi que, le cas échéant, des laboratoires de biosécurité mobiles, des capacités d’évacuation sanitaire. De façon pratique, les équipes restent dans leur Etat membre vaquant à leurs tâches. Elles sont simplement mobilisables en cas d’urgence. C’est ce qu’on appelle une réserve opérationnelle.
Comment ces équipes sont sélectionnées ?
Pour pouvoir intégrer le Corps médical européen, les équipes doivent se soumettre à une procédure de certification. Objectif : garantir qu’elles satisfont à des critères de qualité stricts et sont formées selon les mêmes standards pour pouvoir travailler ensemble ou s’intégrer dans le cadre d’une opération internationale de secours. Une fois la certification obtenue, l’équipe médicale concernée est intégrée au Corps médical européen et devient disponible pour un déploiement dans le cadre d’opérations de réaction d’urgence de l’UE.
Quels pays participent au Corps médical européen ?
A la date du 15 février, 9 pays ont indiqué qu’ils participeraient : les Benelux (Belgique, Luxembourg, Pays-Bas), l’Allemagne, et la France, les nordiques (Finlande et Suède), la République tchèque et l’Espagne. Le dispositif reste ouvert à d’autres participants. « Tout autre pays participant au mécanisme (*) de protection civile de l’UE peut mettre des équipes et des moyens médicaux à la disposition du Corps médical européen » précise-t-on à la Commission européenne.
En tout 12 équipes sont aujourd’hui disponibles (selon le dernier état des lieux publiés, voir ci-dessous) : 4 équipes médicales d’urgence (France, Allemagne, Espagne, Rep. Tchèque), 5 équipes logistiques (Allemagne, Suède, Finlande, Pays-Bas), 2 laboratoires mobiles (Allemagne, Belgique) et 1 équipe d’évacuation médicale (Luxembourg).
Comment cela est coordonné ?
Une fois la certification obtenue, l’équipe médicale concernée est intégrée au Corps médical européen et devient disponible pour un déploiement dans le cadre d’opérations de réaction d’urgence de l’UE. Ce déploiement est normalement coordonné par le Centre de coordination de la réaction d’urgence (CERU) basé à la Commission européenne (Lire : La salle de danse devient … un PC 24/24 pour la protection civile européenne). Mais la décision de déployer les équipes est toujours une décision de l’Etat membre concerné, qui peut ainsi décider d’envoyer, ou de ne pas envoyer son équipe sur une zone d’urgence.
Comment cela se passe sur le terrain ?
La coordination des équipes passe par la plateforme de coordination générale mise sur pied pour l’urgence en question, soit sous la direction d’un pays touché, soit dans le cadre du système de coordination des Nations unies (OCHA ou autre organisation).
Qui finance ?
Le budget européen contribue à la fois à la sélection et la préparation des équipes (formation, exercices, adaptation matériel d’astreinte…) et au financement des déplacements en cas d’urgence sur la zone d’opérations (85% des coûts éligibles sont pris en charge).
Quel est l’avantage alors ?
Avoir des équipes déjà constituées, prêtes à partir, assez homogènes, avec des matériels et des équipes bien identifiées. Ce qui permet d’éviter ce que l’on constate, dans chaque catastrophe, l’arrivée sur le terrain d’équipes certes compétentes et motivées, mais qui ne sont pas du tout conçues sur le même mode organisationnel et, parfois, mettent plus de désorganisation dans les secours que d’efficacité… (cf. à Haïti notamment). L’intégration de ces équipes et de ces experts dans un seul Corps médical européen va accroitre « de manière significative la disponibilité de médecins et de matériel médical lorsque des situations d’urgence se présenteront » souligne-t-on dans les services du commissaire Stylianides, en charge de l’Aide humanitaire à la Commission. Elle permettra « également de mieux planifier et préparer la réaction à de telles situations ». Autre avantage (non négligeable pour les Etats) : la prise en charge de certains coûts par l’Union européenne.
(Nicolas Gros-Verheyde)
Lire sur l’opération Ebola
(*) Plusieurs pays non membres de l’UE participent, notamment l’Islande et la Norvège, la Serbie, le Monténégro, et l’ancienne République yougoslave de Macédoine (Fyrom). La Turquie devrait y participer prochainement.
Cet article Epidémies, catastrophes… Le ‘Corps médical européen’ pourra désormais répondre est apparu en premier sur Bruxelles2.
La première Lettre désarmement et non‐prolifération de 2016, publiée par le PNND et l’Observatoire des armements est désormais disponible. Sommaire et Extraits :
Andromeda-D : the automatic control system
Ignatov also spoke at length about a new VDV automated C2 system called Andromeda-D, developed by the Scientific-Research Institute of Communications and Command and Control Systems (NIISSU or НИИССУ). He describes Andromeda-D as a division-to-soldier system, with stationary points for commanders down to battalion, and vehicle-mounted systems for tactical units. Andromeda-D has passed troop testing, has been deployed in the 76th DShD, and is in the GOZ to buy it for the 7th DShD, 98th VDD, and 31st DShBr, according to Ignatov. He told Krasnaya zvezda the existing Polet-K system will be integrated into the new Andromeda-D system. He also says the VDV plans to deploy GLONASS receivers in its vehicles as part of its C2 system.
In addition, following other trials and drills, including the Center-2015 command post event, the Andromeda-D ACS was evaluated by the military in the highest of terms. It was reported that the United Instrument Manufacturing Corporation /UIMC, incorporated by the Rostec Corporation/ started, in 2015, lot supplies of the Andromeda-D ACS to the Russian Airborne Troops. Russia proposes creating an integrated system for controlling the Collective Security Treaty Organization /CSTO/ member states’ rapid response forces.
The Andromeda-D ACS is a complex of automatic devices for equipping stationary and mobile troop command posts. Depending on the task, it can be mounted on a chassis of a biaxial Kamaz truck, BTR-D armored personnel carrier and BMD-2 or BMD-4 amphibious infantry fighting vehicle. Andromeda-D is developed specifically for airborne troops and is adapted to loading onto a plane, flying and landing. Andromeda-D offers a complete array of multimedia services like facsimile communications, video conferencing, data transmission and special purpose telephone communication.
Russia’s Airborne Assault Forces (AAF) will start taking delivery of new Andromeda-D automated command and control systems (CCS) next year, the Defense Ministry said on Monday. MOSCOW, December 24 (RIA Novosti) - Russia’s Airborne Assault Forces (AAF) will start taking delivery of new Andromeda-D automated command and control systems (CCS) next year, the Defense Ministry said on Monday. The first Andromeda-D systems will be deployed in four AAF divisions across Russia: in Novorossiisk, Ivanovo, Tula and Ulyanovsk, ministry spokesman Col Alexander Kucherenko said. The system, which uses digital telecommunication equipment, can be deployed at fixed-site or mobile command and control stations and is geared to AAF specifics as a highly mobile military service.
Uran-9
The Uran-9 is a tracked unmanned combat ground vehicle (UCGV) being developed and produced by Rostec for the international market. According to a release by Rosoboronexport, the system will be designed to deliver combined combat, reconnaissance and counter-terrorism units with remote reconnaissance and fire support. The armament is 2A72 mod ABM M30-M3 from Impul's 2 (Sevastopol') along Russian artillery and other producers , four ATGM like Ataka or other , also Igla or Strela SAM , FCS , cam IR sensors NV laser and other for detection .
Platform-M
Argo Mobility Platform
Argo Mobility Platform combat robot
Russian, Syrian, Iranian and Hizballah troops were taking up positions Monday, Jan. 18, for a massive offensive to retake Aleppo, Syria’s second city. The rebel militias occupying different parts of the city have repulsed all previous assaults.
A victory in Aleppo (prewar population: 1 million) is expected in Moscow, Tehran and Damascus to reverse the tide of the war and force the Syrian rebels to accept that their insurgency is at an end and their only remaining option is to join the peace process initiated by Russia on Syria’s future.
Russian military intervention since late August has lifted the Syrian army out of its hopeless state and imbued its officers with fresh vigor and the troops with high morale. Bashad Assad’s army is not the same largely defeated one of five months ago. Russian air strikes have restored its commander’s confidence in their ability to win. Cutting-edge weapons are reaching combat units with Russian military advisers on hand to teach the Syrian army how to use them, along with exposure to advanced methods of warfare that have been developed by a world-class military.
DEBKAfile’s military sources add that the operational standards of Hizballah and the pro-Iranian Shiite militias fighting alongside the Syrian army have likewise been enhanced by their exposure to Russian tactics.
Those tactics have produced a substantial drop in Hizballah, Iranian and Syrian casualties in battle, contrary to reports of high casualties claimed in the Western mainstream press,
Robots, novel replacements for boots on the ground, recently made their debut appearance in the Syrian arena, our military sources have revealed. They are cast in a star role in the offensive for the recovery of Aleppo.
Heralding a revolution in modern warfare, the Russians are fielding two kinds of robots – the Platform-M combat robot and the Argo Mobility Platform, both heavily armored and capable of functioning day or night in a variety of battlefield conditions. Platform-M gathers intelligence, uncovers fixed and moving targets and destroys them. It also provides firepower support for forces on the move and secures military installations or routes traveled by the army. Platform-M is armed with semiautomatic or automatic control firing systems.for destroying enemy targets But extra fire power can be mounted on the system as required.
The Argo is designed for rough-country operations, especially on mountainous or rocky terrain. In recent battles, Syrian rebels were startled to find themselves under sudden heavy fire from the unmanned Russian robots.
Russian General Staff Chief Valery Gerasimov recently spoke of a plan to “completely automate the battle in Syria.” He added, “Perhaps soon we will witness robotic groups independently conducting warfare.” Our military sources comment that this vision is overly futuristic. No totally robotic battlefield exists anywhere in the world today outside sci-fi cinema.
For the first time in the history of the war, Russian troops conducted an attack on solid defense area of the terrorist gunmen with military robots. In the Latakia, Syrian troops under the cover of Russian robots and task success captured the strategic peak 754.5. Not long ago, the Chief of the Russian General Gerasimov, Russia claims are chemical robots war effort in the near future, the world will be witnessing, military units are robots, independently conduct the battle-and the prospect that happened a couple of days.
In 2013, Russian airborne forces were put on the payroll systems of automation of operations, Executive “Andromeda-D” on the platform C4I2 (command, control, communications, computer, intelligence, and information), with this software, the system can directly command, combat units operating branches form a complex with the involvement of modern weapons. Use the new high-tech equipment allows the levels command, combat operating can continually run the unit, perform the operations training exercise, ready to fight and fight on the battlefield is not familiar.
Private landing force command line can not perform operation on more than 5000 km of distance C4I2 to area, relaying the information not just through photos and satellite images, which also received both the entire battlefield surveillance videos, the real time combat. C4I2 combination “Andromeda-D” can be mounted on the command Bridge and two terrain as “KamAZ”, armored vehicle BTR-D, BMD-2 and BMD-4. In addition, with the particularity of the airborne forces, “Andromeda-D” can be transported by plane, flying and parachute landing. The command system, operating this warfare was brought to perform support tasks in the Syrian army mission is particularly important. Sources from the social networking site MaxPark said: during the battle of Latakia, the Russian Defence Ministry was dispatched to Syria a C4I2 “Andromeda-D”, 6 the complex military robot “Platform-M” and four “Argo” robot assemblage. Cover the robot attack combinations 152 mm self-propelled howitzer “Akatsiya”, the new field was taken to Syria not long ago, the Akatsiya is responsible AFTER the fire cover for the robot as required.
The battle to win the high score in Latakia started by diversion of the military robots, straight into the battlefield of the terrorist gunmen. On distance 100-120 m, the robot that dropped ammunition, attracted fire from the terrorist gunmen, the fire points identified are suppressed by enemy fire immediately after 152 mm self-propelled gun’s “Akatsiya”.
Followed by the robots fighting, on a distance of 150-200 m is the Syrian infantry force, whose mission is to cover robot, wipe out enemies on the peak. Though the high mountain terrain is really complicated, but the militants of terrorism completely without a chance to fight back. All of our moves were the military unmanned aircraft control closely and any risk would all be extinguished by howitzer Akatsiya. After only 20 minutes of military robots attack, the militants have fled the chaos, leaving the armament. On the high mountains of 754.5 Latakia, Syrian soldiers counted 70 gunmen killed, Syrian troops have no losses, 4 wounded.
The first time in the history, Russian army use military robots Argo and robots Platforma-M attack the mountain Latakia in Syria
Armored robot “Platforma-M”
Research and development corporations NITI Progress Izhevsk has designed and built the complex military robots Platforma-M based on the tracked chassis. Armored robot was equipped with 4 anti-tank grenade launcher or ammo 7.62 mm machine gun, pressure heat Kalashikov. The purpose of the tactical requirements of the Platforma-M is to attack the targets fixed and mobile military. In addition, the robot can perform other tasks such as reconnaissance and patrolling the area. The robot can also perform the duties of battalion, open road through the defensive minefields. The activities of research and development of robot combination lasts many years, robot pass every test and put into application in the test unit. We are prepared for the production order line.
Terrain military robot Argo.
Terrain military robot ArgoResearch Center-engineering design technology application study control and Russian robotist has developed robotic Argo military complexes. Argo is combination remote control. ARGO has the purpose required to conduct reconnaissance activities, support the troops. The car was equipped with weapons to destroy troops, the enemy’s fighting vehicles. In addition, Argo robot made light transport duties. ARGO weighs about a ton, length 3.4 m, width 1 m, height 1.65 m on land vehicles can run up to speeds of about 20 km/h, Wade at a speed of 4.6 km. reserve operating time of 20 hours. The vehicle can install the module contemporary weapons remote control: present module is using a mounted machine gun, 7.62 mm Kalasnhikov, 7 3 anti-tank grenade RPG-26, two grenade RSG-2.
Sources :
http://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technol...
https://russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com/tag/andromeda-d/
http://www.todaynews24h.com/russian-military-robots-join-against-terrori...
http://sputniknews.com/military/20121224/178372572.html
http://www.debka.com/article/25170/Russian-robots-on-the-ground-for-four...
Ce documentaire présente pour la première fois les effets des essais nucléaires entre les générations…